Journal Club: Gabriella Ode, MD Race and Gender Stereotype Threat

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January 2025

JRGOS Journal Club

Perception of Residency Program Diversity Is Associated With Vulnerability to Race and Gender Stereotype Threat Among Minority and Female Orthopaedic Trainees

Risa T. Reid, MD, Susan M. Odum, PhD, Patrick J. Rosopa, PhD,

Jaysson T. Brooks, MD, FAOA, Brian P. Scannell, MD, FAOA,

Selina Poon, MD, FAOA, Tyler Williams, BA, Joshua C. Patt, MD, MPH, FAOA, Gabriella E. Ode, MD, FAOA, and the Collaborative Orthopaedic Educational Research Group (COERG)

JB JS Open Access. 2025 Jan 7;10(1):e24.00084. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00084. PMID: 39777294; PMCID: PMC11692954.

William McDade, MD, Gabriella Ode, MD, Melvyn Harrington, MD, and Selina Poon, MD at the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) Annual Leadership Meeting

Funding for this research was provided by the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society (JRGOS) & Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) and Health Disparities Resident Research Grant awarded to Gabriella E. Ode, MD during her residency training at Carolinas Medical Center/OrthoCarolina.

Gabriella Ode, MD, FAAOS, FAOA

Ben Nwachukwu, MD, Gabriella Ode, MD, Ashley Austin, MD, Holly Johnson, MD, and James Robinson, MD

Gabriella Ode, MD, FAAOS, FAOA JRGOS Member, Sports Medicine Specialist, is an assistant professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, adjunct faculty with Clemson University Department of Bioengineering, and associate fellowship director for the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Orthopedic Sports Medicine Fellowship. She is the team physician for the WNBA New York Liberty and assistant team physician the NBA Brooklyn Nets. In 2022, Dr. Ode participated in the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) North American Traveling Fellowship.

Jaysson Brooks, MD, FAAOS, FAOA is a JRGOS Board Member, Chair of the JRGOS Resident and Medical Student Committee, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon, and Associate Professor at UT Southwestern Medical Center.

Joshua Patt, MD, MPH, FAAOS, FAOA is a JRGOS Member, Orthopaedic Surgical Oncologist at Atrium Health, Vice Chair of Education at Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, and former Residency Program Director at Carolinas Medical Center.

Selina Poon, MD, MPH, MS, FAAOS is a JRGOS Board Member, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeon at Shriners Hospital for Children. She is the director of research at Shriners Children’s Souther California and member of the AAOS Now Editorial Board.

The study Perception of Residency Program Diversity is Associated with Vulnerability to Race and Gender Stereotype Threat Among Minority and Female Orthopaedic Trainees explores the prevalence of stereotype threat (ST) in orthopaedic training. Stereotype threat refers to the awareness that one might confirm negative stereotypes about their group, which can negatively impact workplace performance.

Table of SVS Scores Based on Race

This study found that URiM residents reported significantly (p=0.0099) higher stereotype vulnerability (SVS) than non-Hispanic Whites. Furthermore, Black orthopaedic residents experienced significantly (p=0.0035) more stereotype vulnerability than non-Hispanic Whites.

Table of SVS Scores Based on Gender

With regard to gender, the study found women reported higher median SVS scores than men (27 [IQR 7] vs 18 [IQR 5]; p<0.0001). Further analysis identified that women in non-gender diverse programs experienced higher stereotype vulnerability.

Studies have examined the negative impact of stereotype threat on workplace performance, with some suggesting that it depletes the working memory required for effective problem-solving. To counter these adverse effects, the authors recommend a range of individual and organizational interventions.

Perceptions of Residency Program Diversity Is Associated With Vulnerability to Race and Gender Stereotype Threat Among Minority and Female Orthopaedic Traineees. JB JS Open Access. 2025 Jan 7;10(1):e24.00084. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.24.00084. PMID: 39777294; PMCID: PMC11692954.